Autoeficacia para el tamizaje de cáncer cervical o de próstata: comparando mujeres y hombres colombianos

Introduction: Cervical and prostate cancers have a significant burden of disease in developing countries. Selfefficacyto request screening is a key element in prevention. Objective: To compare the perception of men andwomen on self-efficacy for cervical and prostate cancer screening. Methods: Mixed study with 50 women and 50men. Sociodemographic data was investigated. The cervical cancer detection self-efficacy scale was applied, with amodification for measuring prostate cancer in men. Self-efficacy was classified by levels and the variables associatedwith it were identified with robust regression. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 individuals (18men and 9 women) with low and high self-efficacy and of “other religion” to know the differences in the intentionof the screening. Three categories of analysis were created based on the health belief model. Results: Women andmen were similar except for religion, occupation, and history of Pap smear or rectal exam. Self-efficacy was higheramong women (Adj. β: -15.29, 95% CI: -18.36 to -12.21) and non-believers (Adj. β: -5.38, 95% CI: -10.33 to-0.44). They seek screening more than men because they need to have symptoms. Shame and discomfort are barriersexpressed by both genders. In men, machismo is a strong barrier to request screening. Religion associates sex withimpurity, thus, acts as a barrier among women. Health care services only focus on female screening. Conclusions:gender roles and elements of religion are cultural expressions, which determine the intention of cancer detectionin men and women. Health services interventions should consider these elements to improve the coverage of earlydetection and reduce the morbidity and mortality of these two types of cancer.Introducción: los cánceres de cuello uterino y próstata tienen una importante carga de morbilidad en países en desarrollo. La autoeficacia para solicitar el tamizaje es un elemento clave en la prevención. Objetivo: comparar la percepción de hombres y mujeres sobre autoeficacia para el tamizaje de cáncer cervical y de próstata. Métodos: estudio mixto con 50 mujeres y 50 hombres. Se indagaron datos sociodemográficos. Se aplicó la escala de autoeficacia de detección del cáncer cervical, con una modificación de esta para medición de cáncer de próstata en hombres. La autoeficacia se clasificó por niveles y las variables asociadas a esta se identificaron con regresión robusta. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 27 individuos (18 hombres y 9 mujeres) con baja y alta autoeficacia, así como a individuos de “otra” religión, para conocer las diferencias en la intención del tamizaje. Se crearon tres categorías de análisis basadas en el modelo de creencias en salud. Resultados: mujeres y hombres fueron similares, excepto en religión, ocupación y antecedentes de Papanicolaou o examen rectal. La autoeficacia fue mayor entre las mujeres (β aj.:-15,29 IC del 95 %: -18,36 a -12,21) y los no creyentes (β aj.: -5,38 IC del 95 %: -10,33 a -0,44). Ellas buscan más el tamizaje que los hombres, quienes necesitan tener síntomas para hacerlo, necesitan tener síntomas. La vergüenza e incomodidad son barreras expresadas por ambos sexos. En los hombres, el machismo es una fuerte barrera para solicitar el tamizaje. La religión asocia el sexo con impureza, siendo una barrera entre las mujeres. Los servicios de atención de la salud solo se centran en el cribado femenino. Conclusiones: los roles de género y elementos de religión son expresiones culturales que determinan la intención de detección del cáncer en hombres y mujeres. Las intervenciones de los servicios de salud deben considerar estos elementos para mejorar la cobertura de detección temprana y reducir la morbimortalidad de estos dos tipos de cáncer.Introducción: los cánceres de cuello uterino y próstata tienen una importante carga de morbilidad en países en desarrollo. La autoeficacia para solicitar el tamizaje es un elemento clave en la prevención. Objetivo: comparar la percepción de hombres y mujeres sobre autoeficacia para el tamizaje de cáncer cervical y de próstata. Métodos: estudio mixto con 50 mujeres y 50 hombres. Se indagaron datos sociodemográficos. Se aplicó la escala de autoeficacia de detección del cáncer cervical, con una modificación de esta para medición de cáncer de próstata en hombres. La autoeficacia se clasificó por niveles y las variables asociadas a esta se identificaron con regresión robusta. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 27 individuos (18 hombres y 9 mujeres) con baja y alta autoeficacia, así como a individuos de “otra” religión, para conocer las diferencias en la intención del tamizaje. Se crearon tres categorías de análisis basadas en el modelo de creencias en salud. Resultados: mujeres y hombres fueron similares, excepto en religión, ocupación y antecedentes de Papanicolaou o examen rectal. La autoeficacia fue mayor entre las mujeres (β aj.:-15,29 IC del 95 %: -18,36 a -12,21) y los no creyentes (β aj.: -5,38 IC del 95 %: -10,33 a -0,44). Ellas buscan más el tamizaje que los hombres, quienes necesitan tener síntomas para hacerlo, necesitan tener síntomas. La vergüenza e incomodidad son barreras expresadas por ambos sexos. En los hombres, el machismo es una fuerte barrera para solicitar el tamizaje. La religión asocia el sexo con impureza, siendo una barrera entre las mujeres. Los servicios de atención de la salud solo se centran en el cribado femenino. Conclusiones: los roles de género y elementos de religión son expresiones culturales que determinan la intención de detección del cáncer en hombres y mujeres. Las intervenciones de los servicios de salud deben considerar estos elementos para mejorar la cobertura de detección temprana y reducir la morbimortalidad de estos dos tipos de cáncer

Lectura de contexto y abordaje psicosocial desde los enfoques narrativos. Bento Gonçalves, Bucaramanga, Arauca y Medellín.

Para este momento se analiza y se reflexiona abordajes de contextos desde los enfoques narrativos, mediante relatos de víctimas del conflicto armado, en donde cada uno narra la situación y secuelas emocionales, sociales, físicas y económicas que ha dejado la violencia involucrándolo en una guerra que vive Colombia, donde se enfrentan al perdón y la búsqueda de justica, buscando una identidad que los acerque a sus proyectos de vida, al progreso y a la restitución de sus derechos e integridad. En el análisis de cada relato de vida se abordan eventos psicosociales traumáticos, que se han generado a partir de los hechos durante y después de las tragedias vividas, donde son las víctimas que en muchos de los casos deben de mitigar estos sentimientos por sus mismos, ya que el acompañamiento y la intervención con diferentes acciones, son escasas, por falta de interés de la población indirecta a estos hechos, por el estado, y por el abandono en el que son sometidos nuevamente. Las propuestas de acompañamiento psicosocial deben de estar sujetas a diferentes herramientas de acción participativa, grupos focales, y estrategias que logren intervenir en su totalidad las diferentes traumas que están sujetas las víctimas, y que ataña la construcción de una subjetividad negativa, donde la construcción de la memoria pueda ser generadora de más violencia o sentimientos de dolor, odio y venganza.For this moment, approaches of contexts are analyzed and reflected from the narrative approaches, through stories of victims of the armed conflict, where each narrates the situation and emotional, social, physical and economic consequences that the violence has left involving it in a war that lives Colombia, where they face forgiveness and the search for justice, seeking an identity that brings them closer to their life projects, to progress and to the restitution of their rights and integrity. In the analysis of each life story traumatic psychosocial events are addressed, which have been generated from the facts during and after the tragedies experienced, where the victims are in many cases to mitigate these feelings for themselves, since the accompaniment and the intervention with different actions are scarce, due to the lack of interest of the indirect population to these facts, for the state, and for the abandonment in which they are submitted again. The psychosocial accompaniment proposals must be subject to different tools of participative action, focus groups, and strategies that manage to intervene in their entirety the different traumas that the victims are subject to, and that involve the construction of a negative subjectivity, where the construction of the memory can generate more violence or feelings of pain, hatred and revenge

¡Aprendamos jugando!: la yincana como recurso didáctico y motivador

En esta comunicación presentamos la experiencia llevada a cabo por un grupo de estudiantes internos del Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y Sociales de la Universidad de Sevilla que estudian el Grado en Educación Primaria. La experiencia llevada cabo ha sido la organización y puesta en marcha de una yincana con alumnado de 3º del CEIP Olivar de Quinto. El objetivo de la yincana es didáctico tanto para el alumnado de Primaria como para el universitario. Con este tipo de acciones de carácter lúdico, se pretenden trabajar los contenidos de forma integral. Además para los universitarios, es una oportunidad de acercarse a la realidad de un centro escolar, y realizar actividades con un carácter más innovador

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos, Sincelejo Sucre y Valledupar Cesar.

Link del Blog https://unadvirtual.wixsite.com/-paso-3-grupo-64El acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de Violencia tiene como intencionalidad el abordaje de la realidad desde los hechos traumáticos de la violencia interpretada a través del Relato y la Narrativa entendida como el instrumento que permite comprender las historias que se cuentan de los hechos o experiencias vividas que permean, influyen y afectan la identidad del individuo o comunidad; desde un panorama de la acción y un panorama de la identidad y de aprendizaje, desde donde, el enfoque narrativo, permite honrar el dolor y la historia en sí misma, pero, además, los hechos o actos que emergen como potencialidad resiliente. En este sentido, el presente escrito entrega un análisis, siguiendo preguntas orientadoras, sobre relatos o hechos a nivel individual, del caso Gloria, que permite identificar en él los propósitos del Enfoque Narrativo y la Pregunta Circular, reflexiva y estratégica, como herramienta de abordaje psicosocial y medio de conexión entre la historia y el sujeto como cuerpo emocional en su postura de víctima o en su postura de sobreviviente de cara al hecho. De igual manera se entrega análisis de un hecho colectivo, “el caso Pandurí”, del cual se proponen tres estrategias de acompañamiento psicosocial en torno a unos ítems preestablecidos en las intencionalidades formativas del proceso de formación profesional en psicología, que pretende identificar los emergentes psicosociales producto del hecho violento, los impactos sobre la población, propuesta de acciones de apoyo en situación en crisis y estrategias psicosociales que faciliten la potenciación de recursos de afrontamiento frente al hecho. Como soportes bibliográficos para el desarrollo de los temas se tuvieron en cuenta autores como Alvis (2009), aproximación teórica a la intervención psicosocial, Arenas (2017), intervención en crisis, Caballero (2017), comprensión de la dimensión psicosocial en los escenarios de violencia, Delgado, (2007) la imagen como herramienta de intervención comunitaria, Echeburúa (2007), intervención en crisis en víctimas de sucesos traumáticos; Fabris (2010), un modelo de análisis de la subjetividad colectiva a partir de la lectura de los emergentes psicosociales.The Psychosocial Accompaniment in Violence Scenarios, has as intent to approach the reality from the traumatic facts of the violence interpreted through the story and the narrative understood as the instrument that allows to understand the stories that are told of the facts or lived experiences that permeate, influence and affect the identity of the individual or community; from a panorama of action event, and a panorama of identity learning. From where, the narrative approach, allows to honor the pain and history in itself but also, the facts or acts that emerge as a resilient potential. In this sense, the present paper provides an analysis, following guiding questions, about individual level stories or events, Gloria story, which allows identifying the purposes of the narrative approach and the question circular, reflective and strategic as psychosocial approach tool and means of connection between the story and the subject as an emotional body in its victim position or in its position as a survivor facing the fact. Likewise, an analysis of a collective fact is provided, Pandurí case, of which three psychosocial support strategies are proposed around pre-established items in the formative intentions of the professional training process in psychology, which aims to identify the emerging psychosocial product of the violent act, the impacts on the population, proposals for support actions in crisis situations and psychosocial strategies that facilitate the empowerment of coping resources in front of the fact

Recuperación de metales de las escorias de instalaciones de residuos a energía

Los autores desear agradecer al proyecto “Estudio para la recuperación de metales no férricos en la fracción fina de la escoria de incineración” (TF16-XX-002 SODERCAN/FEDER) mediante el cual se ha podido financiar el presente trabajo

Rationale and design of the SI! Program for health promotion in elementary students aged 6 to 11 years: A cluster randomized trial

Unhealthy habits in children are increasing at an alarming rate. The school provides a promising setting for effective preventive strategies to improve children's lifestyle behaviors. The SI! Program is a multilevel multicomponent school-based educational intervention aimed at all stages of compulsory education in Spain. Here, we present the design of the SI! Program for Elementary School cluster-randomized controlled trial, targeting children aged 6 to 11 years. This trial aims to study the impact of different timings and intensities of exposure to SI! Program activities on elementary school children and their immediate environment (parents/caregivers, teachers, and school). The trial includes 1770 children from 48 public elementary schools in Madrid (Spain), together with their parents and teachers. Schools and their children were randomly assigned to the intervention group (the SI! curriculum-based educational program over 3 or 6 academic years) or to the control group (standard curriculum). The primary outcomes are the change from baseline at 3-year and 6-year follow-up in children's scores for knowledge, attitudes, and habits (KAH) and health factors (blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, and skinfold thickness). Secondary outcomes include 3-year and 6-year changes from baseline in lifestyle questionnaire scores for parents/caregivers and teachers, and in the school environment questionnaire. The overarching goal of the SI! Program is to provide an effective and sustainable health promotion program for the adoption of healthy behaviors in children. The present trial will address the impact and the optimal timing and duration of this educational intervention in the elementary school setting. (Am Heart J 2019;210:9-17.)This study is partly funded by the Daniel & Nina Carasso Foundation and the la Caixa Foundation (LCF/PR/CE16/ 10700001). This study forms part of a project that has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska- Curie grant agreement No. 707642 and from the American Heart Association under grant No. 14SFRN2049031

School coexistence and conflict resolution mediated by information and communication technology

Colombia es un país que se está preparando para la paz, sin embargo, en las instituciones educativas se encuentran altos índices de conflictos, por lo cual es imperante emplear estrategias educativas que fomenten una sana convivencia. El articulo tiene como objetivo presentar estrategias pedagógicas para fortalecer la convivencia escolar y solución de conflictos, mediante el uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. El estudio es de tipo cualitativo bajo el modelo de investigación acción. Se evidenciaron manifestaciones violentas y comportamientos erráticos por parte de los estudiantes en la interacción con su grupo de pares, donde se demuestran agresiones verbales, físicas, discriminación, lenguaje soez, ruptura de normas escolares e irrespeto a la autoridad, la cual es representada por docentes y cuerpo administrativo de la institución, donde a través de las TIC se crearon espacios de participación que permitieron generar una mejor convivencia escolar basada en la solución de conflictos.Colombia is a country that is preparing for peace, however, in educational institutions are high rates of conflict, which is why it is imperative to use educational strategies that promote a healthy coexistence. The aim of the article is to present pedagogical strategies to strengthen school coexistence and conflict resolution, through the use of information and communication technologies. The study is of qualitative type under the action research model. There were violent demonstrations and erratic behavior by students in the interaction with their peer group, where verbal, physical aggressions, discrimination, foul language, breaking of school rules and disrespect to the authority are shown, which is represented by teachers. and the administrative body of the institution, where through TIC spaces of participation were created that allowed generating a better school coexistence based on the solution of conflicts

Vaccinated Patients Admitted in ICU with Severe Pneumonia Due to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Pilot Study

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the percentage of patients admitted to the ICU having received the vaccine against COVID-19, to describe the clinical profile of vaccinated patients admitted to the ICU, and to assess the humoral immune response to vaccination. Methods: In this multicenter prospective descriptive cohort study, consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were included. The time of study was from 1 July to 10 August of 2021. Results: Of the 94 consecutive patients from seven Andalusian ICUs admitted during the time of study, 50 (53.2%) received at least one dose of anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. No patient was admitted having previously had SARS-CoV-2 infection. The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant was the most frequently identified, in 80.76% of cases. Patients with a complete vaccination with non-optimal antibody levels were immunocompromised. Fifteen patients were admitted to the ICU with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) without having completed their vaccination; the clinical profile was younger and with less comorbidities compared to patients with full vaccination. There were no differences in severity of ARDS. Conclusions: Most of the patients who were admitted to the ICU having received a dose of the vaccine were not optimally vaccinated; fully vaccinated patients who did not obtain optimal serum antibody levels were patients considered immunocompromise

School-Based Cardiovascular Health Promotion in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE School-based interventions offer an opportunity for health promotion in adolescence. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of 2 multicomponent educational health promotion strategies of differing duration and intensity on adolescents' cardiovascular health (CVH). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The SI! Program for Secondary Schools is a 4-year cluster randomized clinical intervention trial conducted in 24 secondary schools from Barcelona and Madrid, Spain, from September 7, 2017, to July 31, 2021. Eligible participants were adolescents enrolled in the first grade of secondary school. INTERVENTIONS Schools and their participants were randomized to receive a health promotion intervention (SI! Program) over 4 school years (long-term intervention [LTI], 8 schools, 412 adolescents) or 2 school years (short-term intervention [STI], 8 schools, 504 adolescents) or to receive the standard curriculum (control, 8 schools, 441 adolescents). MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES The primary end point was the between-group difference at 2 and 4 years in the change from baseline of the overall CVH score, as defined by the American Heart Association (range, 0-14 points, with a higher score indicating a healthier CVH profile). Intervention effects were tested with multilevel mixed-effects models. A complete-case intention-to-treat analysis was performed as the primary analysis. RESULTS Of the randomized students, the study enrolled 1326 adolescents (684 [51.6%] boys, mean [SD] age, 12.5 [0.4] years at recruitment) with a study completion rate of 86.0%. Baseline overall CVH scores were 10.3 points in the LTI group, 10.6 points in the STI group, and 10.5 points in the control group. After 2 years, at halfway through the LTI and at the end of the STI, the difference in the CVH score change was 0.44 points (95% CI, 0.01-0.87; P = .04) between the LTI group and the control group and 0.18 points (95% CI, -0.25 to 0.61; P = .39) between the STI group and the control group. At 4 years, differences for the LTI and STI groups vs control were 0.12 points (LTI: 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.43; P = .42) and 0.13 points (STI: 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.44; P = .38). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Overall, the tested school-based health promotion strategies in this randomized clinical trial had a neutral effect on the CVH of the adolescents. Although there was evidence of a marginal beneficial effect at a point halfway through implementation in the LTI group, such a benefit was not noted at 4 years. Further research is warranted into the efficacy of school-based health promotion programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03504059.This work was supported by the SHE Foundation-la Caixa Foundation (LCF/PR/CE16/ 10700001) and the Fundació la Marató de TV3 (369/C/2016). Dr Santos-Beneit is recipient of grant LCF/PR/MS19/12220001 funded by “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). Dr Tresserra-Rimbau is a Serra Húnter Fellow. Dr Laveriano-Santos is supported by the FI-SDUR (EMC/503/2021) grant from the Generalitat de Catalunya. Mr Martínez-Gómez was a postgraduate fellow of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación at the Residencia de Estudiantes (2020-2022) and is a recipient of grant FPU21/04891 (Ayudas para la formación de profesorado universitario, FPU-2021) from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Dr Álvarez-Benavides is a María Zambrano fellow. Dr Fernández-Jiménez is recipient of grants PI19/01704 and PI22/01560 funded by the ISCIII and cofunded by the European Union. Support was also provided by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (AEI/FEDER, UE, grant PID2020-114022RB-I00), and Generalitat de Catalunya. The Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research (INSA-UB) is a Unit of Excellence (María de Maeztu CEX2021-001234-M). The Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) is supported by the ISCIII, the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant CEX2020-001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).S

Oral versus intramuscular administration of vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency in primary care : a pragmatic, randomised, non-inferiority clinical trial (OB12)

The trial was financed by Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo Español through their call for independent clinical research, Orden Ministerial SAS/2377, 2010 (EC10-115, EC10-116, EC10-117, EC10-119, EC10-122); CAIBER—Spanish Clinical Research Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (CAI08/010044); and Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria de Madrid. This study is also supported by the Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), funded by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación, project number PT13/0002/0007, within the National Research Program I+D+I 2013-2016 and co-funded with European Union ERDF funds (European Regional Development Fund). This project received a grant for the translation and publication of this article from the Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Primary Care (FIIBAP) Call 2017 for grants to promote research programs.Objectives To compare the effectiveness of oral versus intramuscular (IM) vitamin B12 (VB12) in patients aged ≥65 years with VB12 deficiency. Design Pragmatic, randomised, non-inferiority, multicentre trial in 22 primary healthcare centres in Madrid (Spain). Participants 283 patients ≥65 years with VB12 deficiency were randomly assigned to oral (n=140) or IM (n=143) treatment arm. Interventions The IM arm received 1 mg VB12 on alternate days in weeks 1–2, 1 mg/week in weeks 3–8 and 1 mg/month in weeks 9–52. The oral arm received 1 mg/day in weeks 1–8 and 1 mg/week in weeks 9–52. Main outcomes Serum VB12 concentration normalisation (≥211 pg/mL) at 8, 26 and 52 weeks. Non-inferiority would be declared if the difference between arms is 10% or less. Secondary outcomes included symptoms, adverse events, adherence to treatment, quality of life, patient preferences and satisfaction. Results The follow-up period (52 weeks) was completed by 229 patients (80.9%). At week 8, the percentage of patients in each arm who achieved normal B12 levels was well above 90%; the differences in this percentage between the oral and IM arm were −0.7% (133 out of 135 vs 129 out of 130; 95% CI: −3.2 to 1.8; p>0.999) by per-protocol (PPT) analysis and 4.8% (133 out of 140 vs 129 out of 143; 95% CI: −1.3 to 10.9; p=0.124) by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. At week 52, the percentage of patients who achieved normal B12 levels was 73.6% in the oral arm and 80.4% in the IM arm; these differences were −6.3% (103 out of 112 vs 115 out of 117; 95% CI: −11.9 to −0.1; p=0.025) and −6.8% (103 out of 140 vs 115 out of 143; 95% CI: −16.6 to 2.9; p=0.171), respectively. Factors affecting the success rate at week 52 were age, OR=0.95 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.99) and having reached VB12 levels ≥281 pg/mL at week 8, OR=8.1 (95% CI: 2.4 to 27.3). Under a Bayesian framework, non-inferiority probabilities (Δ>−10%) at week 52 were 0.036 (PPT) and 0.060 (ITT). Quality of life and adverse effects were comparable across groups. 83.4% of patients preferred the oral route. Conclusions Oral administration was no less effective than IM administration at 8 weeks. Although differences were found between administration routes at week 52, the probability that the differences were below the non-inferiority threshold was very low.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe